Water Science
Volume of Fresh Water
If all of the Earth’s water fit in a gallon (four litres) jug, the available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon.
Volume of water on Earth
All water 1.4 x 109 km3
Fresh water 36 x 106 km3
Note: Different figures are available; these are indicative only
Annual global water cycle
A: Continental rainfall B: Continental evaporation C: Water from ocean to land D: Rainfall over ocean
E: Evaporation from ocean
F: Flow from continent to ocean
Source: Gleick, 1993
Global availability of water
Location |
Percentage |
Salt water (in oceans) |
97.0 |
Fresh water |
3.0 |
Groundwater |
1.7 |
River and lakes |
0.0072 |
Ice caps and glaciers |
1.74 |
Atmosphere |
0.001 |
Nepal’s rivers |
0.000016 |
Sources: Gleick, 1993 and Pani Ko Artha Rajniti, 1997