Water Science

Volume of Fresh Water

If all of the Earth’s water fit in a gallon (four litres) jug, the available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon.

 


Volume of water on Earth

All water 1.4 x 109 km3
Fresh water 36 x 106 km3
Note: Different figures are available; these are indicative only
Annual global water cycle
A: Continental rainfall B: Continental evaporation C: Water from ocean to land D: Rainfall over ocean
E: Evaporation from ocean
F: Flow from continent to ocean

Source: Gleick, 1993

 


Global availability of water

Location

Percentage

Salt water (in oceans)

97.0

Fresh water

3.0

Groundwater

1.7

River and lakes

0.0072

Ice caps and glaciers

1.74

Atmosphere

0.001

Nepal’s rivers

0.000016

Sources: Gleick, 1993 and Pani Ko Artha Rajniti, 1997